Vyšehrad Uncovered: Prague’s Legendary Fortress
View of Vyšehrad
Nestled on a rock overlooking the Vltava River, Vyšehrad is one of Prague’s most enchanting and historically rich sites. Often overshadowed by the grandeur of Prague Castle, Vyšehrad offers visitors a peaceful retreat into Czech history, legend, and stunning panoramic views of the city. This legendary fortress combines ancient myths, medieval history, and military architecture, making it a captivating destination for history buffs, culture seekers, and casual travelers alike. Here’s an in-depth guide to uncovering Vyšehrad’s secrets and making the most of your visit.
A Fortress Shaped by Legend and Wishful Thinking
Vyšehrad’s history stretches back over a thousand years, and legends have given it an almost mythical status in Czech culture. According to ancient stories from the Cosmas Chronicle, Vyšehrad was the first seat of Czech rulers, particularly the wise judge/duke Krok. The steep rock overlooking the Vltava River was likely a strategic defensive point for early Czech princes.
One of the most enduring legends features Princess Libuše, one of Krok’s three daughters — a mythical ruler credited with founding Prague itself. She is said to have prophesied the city’s glorious future from Vyšehrad, setting the stage for centuries of Czech pride and sovereignty. Another popular tale recounts the daring escape of the knight Horymír, who was imprisoned at Vyšehrad but managed to leap to freedom on his horse, Šemík, over the fortress walls and into the river below. A truly mystical event, considering that a fall from the cliff would likely be fatal, even if you land in water.
J. Myslbek statues of Czech folk figures
Vyšehrad was referenced as the “starting point” of Czech history for centuries, but it became especially important in the 1800s when the Czechs, still under Austro-Hungarian rule, began reimagining their collective history. For over 300 years they had lived under Vienna’s thumb, using German as the language of bureaucracy and intellect, while casting away their own traditions as an old coat no longer fashionable enough to be worn in polite society. The second half of the 19th century was a turning point — anti-monarchical movements flourished, and Vyšehrad suddenly became the center of everyone’s attention. After all, this is where it all began for the Czechs… right?
Vyšehrad: Myth vs. Reality
The Czech cultural and political revival of the 19th century convinced the population that Vyšehrad was the cradle of their nation. Supported by folklore (some newly written and even falsified), and allegedly based on early medieval chronicles, Vyšehrad was presented as the real seat of the mythological figures such as Libuše and her legendary husband Přemysl — founders of the first Czech dynasty. At that time, there was no demand for tangible evidence; the good reputation of authors of Old Czech Tales was enough to make everyone believe Vyšehrad’s past stretched that far back.
Map of Vyšehrad
Fast-forward to the early 20th century, when large archaeological excavations unearthed the ancient soil of Vyšehrad — and to everyone’s surprise, the oldest findings dated back only to the 10th century. “That’s not bad!” you might say, but here’s the catch: the presumed age of Vyšehrad was the 8th century, supposedly the era of Prophetess Libuše, according to František Palacký — the historian revered as the “Father of the Czech Nation.”
Archaeologists did determine that a royal settlement was established on Vyšehrad Hill, supported by coins from a local mint. The site rose to political prominence in the 11th century when Vratislav II, the first crowned King of Bohemia, moved his royal seat here. He transformed it into a royal residence complete with a chapel and mint, marking Vyšehrad’s golden era. Over the centuries, Vyšehrad’s role evolved — from royal residence to small town, fortress, and eventually a national symbol deeply intertwined with Czech identity. The impressive Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, centuries-old fortifications, and the vast underground casemates all reflect these rich layers of history.
Entrace to Vyšehrad basilica
To this day, Czech children read tales set in Vyšehrad and grow up into adults who frown in disbelief when they hear that Vyšehrad is not as ancient as they were taught. It’s easy to see why — when you claim that a fairy tale is based on an old chronicle, few will question the validity of the latter. Yet it is well known that most medieval manuscripts (unless they were legal records) were often literary works of fiction. Some were even fabricated in more recent times by people seeking fame and fortune through their “incredible” discoveries. The most notorious examples are the Královédvorský and Zelenohorský manuscripts, which were presented as real documents to the unsuspecting public. Those who dared question their authenticity were branded traitors and monarchists — one of them being none other than the future president of Czechoslovakia, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk.
Exploring Vyšehrad’s Highlights
Visitors to Vyšehrad are rewarded with a wealth of sights and experiences that capture both its storied past and lively present. The fortress is free to visit year-round, but most sites close at around 6 p.m.
Interiors of Vyšehrad basilica
Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul ⛪
The Saints Peter and Paul Basilica is a striking neo-Gothic church, rebuilt in the late 19th century. It stands on the site of earlier religious buildings dating back to the time of Vratislav II. Its twin spires are among Prague’s architectural highlights, and inside, the church features beautiful frescoes and stained glass. 🎨✨
🕰️ Opening Hours:
April – October:
Monday, Tuesday, Saturday: 10:00 AM – 6:00 PM
Wednesday, Thursday, Friday: 10:00 AM – 5:30 PM
Sunday: 11:00 AM – 6:00 PM
November – March:
Monday – Saturday: 10:00 AM – 5:00 PM
Sunday: 11:00 AM – 5:00 PM
💵 Entrance Fee:
Adults: 130 CZK
Reduced: 70 CZK
Groups of 10 or more: 100 CZK per adult
Seniors and families with children: Free entry on weekends 👵👴👨👩👧👦
Vyšehrad Cemetery
Vyšehrad Cemetery and Slavín
Adjacent to the basilica lies the Vyšehrad Cemetery, resting place of many of Czechia’s most influential artists, writers, musicians, and politicians. The Slavín tomb honors some of the greatest figures in Czech history, offering a solemn but inspiring insight into the nation’s cultural heritage. You can find a map of the most famous people buried in Vyšehrad Cemetery at the entrance near the basilica.
🕰️ Opening Hours:
Daily from 8 AM to 6 PM. Until 7 PM on the Dušičky holiday.
💵 Entrance Fee: FREE
The Casemates
These underground vaulted corridors were part of the fortress’s defensive system, used to move troops and store supplies unseen by enemies. Today, Vyšehrad casemates, Martin’s Cassemates and Gorlizé Hall house exhibitions, including some of the original statues from the iconic Charles Bridge, providing a fascinating glimpse into Prague’s artistic history. The casemates can only be visited as part of a guided tour, which can be purchased at the entrance of the Brick Gate. The tours are run in Czech and English laguages. You can see their schedule and purchase tickets here.
🕰️ Opening Hours:
Daily at 10 AM-6 PM.
💵 Entrance Fee:
Adults: 190 CZK
Reduced: 130 CZK
Vyšehrad view
Ramparts and Views
Walking along the ancient walls of Vyšehrad reveals breathtaking views over the Vltava River, Prague’s Lesser Town, and the city’s sprawling rooftops. The park surrounding the fortress is perfect for a leisurely stroll or picnic while soaking in the atmosphere.
Hospudka Na Hradbách
For those wanting to relax with refreshments, this charming pub on the ramparts offers light Czech fare and drinks with one of the best views in town.
🕰️ Opening Hours:
Daily at 12 PM-12 AM.
Rotunda of Saint Martin
Rotunda of Saint Martin ⛪
The Saint Martin’s Rotunda is a Romanesque gem of Vyšehrad, having stood there since 1100. It has survived multiple sieges, serving as a gunpowder storage during the Thirty Years' War, and was almost demolished in 1841 when a new road was built nearby. Thanks to the 1880s reconstruction, the chapel is now used for its original purpose.
🕰️ Opening Hours:
Opened on special request from the Vyšehrad canon – contact here.
Plague Colimn at Vyšehrad
Tips for Visiting Vyšehrad
While Vyšehrad is far less crowded than Prague Castle, visiting thoughtfully will enhance the experience.
Timing: Early mornings or late afternoons, especially weekdays, tend to be quieter, allowing a more peaceful exploration and better photographic opportunities at sunset.
Duration: Allocate about 2 hours to see the main attractions without rushing, including time to wander the grounds and visit the casemates.
Access: Vyšehrad is accessible by public transport with nearby tram and metro stops. Be prepared for some uphill walking as the fortress sits on elevated ground.
Tickets: Entrance to the park and many outdoor areas is free, but some sites like the casemates and the basilica’s interior require a ticket. Check current prices and opening hours in advance.
Photography: With its panoramic cityscapes, architectural gems, and mystical cemetery, Vyšehrad is a paradise for photographers. Don’t miss capturing the views from the ramparts.
Author: Valeriia Zahradnikova, a Prague guide certified by the Prague City Tourism agency. Valeriia and Vaclav have worked in tourism for over 8 years and have guided thousands of Prague visitors.
Disclaimer: This article reflects the personal opinions of the author and is not intended to discourage visitors to Prague from purchasing tickets to the attractions and tours mentioned above.